With a changing climate resulting in drought and flooding, the threat of these cereal pests is likely to intensify Hence, this review presents an elaborate overview of current pathogens whose threat to cereal production in africa might increase due to changing climatic conditions. These factors have led to significant crop losses, threatening food security, livelihoods, and economic stability A panel data approach is used to relate yields to standard weather variables, such as temperature and precipitation, and sophisticated weather measures, such as vapotranspiration and the standardized precipitation index (spi) The dataset includes 546,605 records, primarily spanning from 1980 to 2022, detailing crop production, harvested areas, and yields for 33 countries and 90 crop types, including key cereals in ssa such as wheat, maize, rice, sorghum, barley, millet, and fonio. This average became only 42% and 35% of the world average, respectively, in 1990 and 2017 (faostat, 2020
However, areas under cereal produ The study aims to address the following specific objectives Investigating the impacts of climate change on agricultural factor productivity, examining the impact of factor productivity on cereal crop yields, and estimating the level of technical efficiency of cereal yields in the region.
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