In october 2022, the biden administration imposed controls on the export of designated types of semiconductors, some computer systems and assemblies containing those devices, and equipment used to fabricate those devices to china and to certain named chinese “entities.” To reduce its dependence on the united states and its allies for semiconductors, china is building domestic semiconductor manufacturing facilities by importing u.s., japanese, and dutch semiconductor manufacturing equipment. In response to us sanctions and export controls, china has ramped domestic chip design and manufacturing, aiming to create an all‑chinese semiconductor supply chain that reduces dependence on foreign technologies. Us semiconductor champions depend on chinese production, testing, and packaging, as well as downstream electronics product assembly This grants beijing the ability to disrupt us operations and influence boardrooms. Although the chinese government has been splashing subsidies on its domestic chip industry for many years, mounting concern over the trade restrictions being imposed by america and its.
In recent years, the us and its allies have begun to make corresponding investments in securing domestic semiconductor production capability, such as the chips and science act. At the heart of this expanding market lies the chip war between the us and china Since 2022, a series of us sanctions have targeted china’s access to advanced semiconductors and ai chips, notably from companies like nvidia. Despite us government restrictions on exports of advanced products, the country's chip equipment makers are still increasingly dependent on the chinese market, with exports to china. This paper seeks to provide some of that grounding through a combination of chinese policy document analysis and new financial and market share data for leading semiconductor equipment firms in china, the united states, japan, and the netherlands.
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