The risks of csf leaks can be detrimental to the outcomes of the patients Early diagnosis and proper management is imperative for it is. Anterior basilar skull fractures are associated with the “racoon eyes ” sign, which refers to consequent bruising around the eyes Additionally, these fractures can cause csf to leak out through the ears or nose, resulting in the classic “ halo ” sign. The halo sign is linked to certain brain injuries It shows up often with basilar skull fractures and serious head trauma
It can also happen after a subarachnoid haemorrhage, when csf leaks more easily Halo sign in closed head injury Key facts this sign means the injury is likely serious The halo test (d) is a less precise method of determining if csf is present in the otorrhea or rhinorrhea of a head trauma patient A drop of the fluid is placed on a tissue or filter paper, and a rapidly expanding ring (halo) of clear fluid around red blood defines a positive test. However, this sign is not specific to csf, as mixtures of blood with saline, tears, or rhinorrhea can also produce halos
Basal skull fracture should be considered in all patients with head injuries, especially those with physical signs such as otorrhea, battle sign or periorbital ecchymoses
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